ACTIVE PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE VOICE- Active voice is that voice where the person or the thing denoted by the subject is said to do something.
Ex. Ram reads a book.
PASSIVE VOICE-Passive voice is that voice, where the person or thing denoted by the subject does not act but suffers the action done by something or someone.
Ex. A book is read by Ram.
RULES
· An intransitive verb is not used in the passive voice.
· The subject of a sentence in Active voice is changed into object.
· While placing the subject after the verb it should be preceded by the word “by”
· The object in the ACTIVE VOICE is made the subject in the PASSIVE VOICE and is placed in the beginning of the sentence.
· Nouns don’t change in the passive voice but pronouns change. PRONOUN=I-ME, WE-US, YOU-YOU, He-Him, SHE-HER, IT-IT, THEY-THEM.
· The most important change in this process is the change of verb. Verb in the sentence of Active Voice is changed in the same tense in its third form(past participle) with a “be” verb(am, is, are, was, were)
Ex. Boys like games. (Active voice)
Games are liked by boys. (Passive voice)
· Generally in the Passive Voice the subject of the Active Verb is made the object of the Preposition “by” but there are some other preposition also which are used in place of “by”.
1. TO-It is used when the passive verb are” known” and “obliged”.
Ex. He knows me.
I am known to him.
He oblized me.
I was oblized to him.
2. AT- It is used when the passive verbs are astonished, alarmed,displeased,disappointed,distressed,surprised.
Ex. It surprised me.
I was surprised at it.
His behavior displeased me.
I was displeased at his behavior.
3. With-It is used with disgusted pleased, satisfied.
Ex. His behavior disgusted me.
I was disgusted with his behavior.
4. In-It is used with verbs like contain consist interested.
Ex. This glass contains milk
Milk is contained in this glass.
· If a transitive verb has two objects, the sentence can be changed into the passive voice in two ways.
E x. He gave me a book.
A book was given me by him.(or)
I was given a book by him.
· When an imperative sentence is changed into the passive voice “let” is used in the beginning of the sentence. The object of the Active voice is made the object of ‘let’ and ‘be’ and the past participle are placed.
Ex. Bring a glass of water.
Let a glass of water be brought.
· When an interrogative sentence, beginning with an auxiliary verb is changed into the passive voice, the auxiliary is changed accordingly to the subject and tense of the passive voice.(do,does,did are changed into Are,is,was,were.)
Ex. Do you read the book?
Is the book read by you?
Did you steal my pen?
Was my pen stolen by you?
· In negative sentence the active voice is changed in the same manner as in the affirmative sentence.’ Not’ is kept between the auxiliary and third form of the main verb.
Ex. He cannot take up this work.
This work cannot be taken by him.
She does not sing a song.
A song is not sung by her.
· If sentence start with please, use- you are requested, you are ordered, you are advise.
Ex. Please sit down.
You are requested to sit down.
Please go away from my sight.
You are ordered to go away from my sight.
Please take fresh air.
You are advised to take fresh air.
· If do not is used after please , write not to.
Ex. Please do not beat me.
You are requested not to beat me.
· If sentence start with wh-question words, by whom is used.
Ex. Who is making a noise?”
By whom is a noise being made?
Who taught English?
By whom was English taught?
· If sentence start with ‘LET’, used Let+object+be+verb-III+by+s.
EX. Let me have tea.
Let tea be had by me.
Let them fly a kite.
Let a kite by flown by them.
· If model(auxiliary verb) comes than be+v-III used.
Ex. I can do this work.
This work can be done by me.
